1. Rounded Corner/ Border
2. Border Shadow

Live Demo – Click Here

1. Rounded Corner

Before CSS3, if you wanted to create the rounded corner border then it was not the straight job, it needed lots of programming stuff. There were alternatives like using sprite of images or jQuery plugins etc. However with the help of CSS 3 it is very straight as simple as shown below:

border-radius:25px;
-moz-border-radius:25px; /* Firefox 3.6 and earlier */

Using Border-radius property we can achieve the result. But for IE first line will work and for Mozilla 2nd line of code will work from above code snippet.

CSS 3 Border - Rounded Corner

2. Border Shadow
If you want to give some shadow effect to the borders then its what everyone was waited for:

Syntax :

box-shadow: h-shadow v-shadow blur spread color inset;

box-shadow: 5px 5px 10px #888888;

CSS 3 Border - Shadow

Possibly Related posts:

1. Complete CSS 3 Tutorial – Transform Operations
2. Create Pure CSS based Menu – Step by Step Tutorial
3. Complete CSS Selector Tutorial for the beginners

In push technology, the server pushes out information to the client after the client has subscribed to a channel of information. In order for the client to receive the information, the client must maintain a connection to the server. Streaming API uses the Bayeux protocol and CometD, so the client to server connection is maintained through long polling.

The Bayeux protocol and CometD both use long polling.

1. Bayeux is a protocol for transporting asynchronous messages, primarily over HTTP.
2. CometD is a scalable HTTP-based event routing bus that uses an AJAX push technology pattern known as Comet. It implements the Bayeux protocol.

There is nice jQuery plugin available on web which implements Bayeux protocol and CometD.

Navigate here for Salesforce documentation for Streaming API.

Common Terms used in Streaming API:

• Event : Either the creation of a record or the update of a record. Each event may trigger a notification.
• Notification : A message in response to an event. The notification is sent to a channel to which one or more clients are subscribed.
• PushTopic : A record that you create. The essential element of a PushTopic is the SOQL query. The PushTopic defines a Streaming API channel.

Example used in this article :

I want notifications about all opportunity whose status is won.
First step to implement any streaming API is to create the Push Topic, which is going to subscribed by all the clients.

Create PushTopic:

To create PushTopic, we will need the developer console of the Salesforce and assume that the name of the topic is “WonOpportunity”.

PushTopic pushTopic = new PushTopic();
pushTopic.ApiVersion = 23.0;
pushTopic.Name = 'WonOpportunity';
pushTopic.Description = 'Notify if the Opportunity won';
pushTopic.NotifyForOperations = 'All';
pushTopic.NotifyForFields = 'Referenced';
pushtopic.Query = 'Select o.OwnerId, o.Name, o.IsWon, o.Id, o.Amount From Opportunity o WHERE o.IsWon = true';
insert pushTopic;
System.debug('Created new PushTopic: '+ pushTopic.Id);

Salesforce Streaming API - Create Push topic

Step 2:
Download the CometD compressed archive (.tgz) file from http://download.cometd.org/cometd-2.2.0-distribution.tar.gz

Step 3:
In the extracted folder you will find the war file at location “cometd-2.2.0/cometd-javascript/common/target”.

Unpack that war file using below DOS command in Windows and same command will work on shell also

cd cometd-2.2.0/cometd-javascript/common/target
jar xvf cometd-javascript-common-2.2.0.war org/cometd.js

Salesforce UnPack war file - Streaming API

If you will not follow the above step and if use different “cometd.js” file then you may get error “Uncaught ReferenceError: org is not defined”

Step 4:
Extract the following JavaScript files from “cometd-2.2.0-distribution.tar.gz”

• cometd-2.2.0/cometd-javascript/common/target/org/cometd.js (This file must be from war file)
• cometd-2.2.0/cometd-javascript/jquery/src/main/webapp/jquery/jquery-1.5.1.js
• cometd-2.2.0/cometd-javascript/jquery/src/main/webapp/jquery/json2.js
• cometd-2.2.0/cometd-javascript/jquery/src/main/webapp/jquery/jquery.cometd.js

Step 5:
Create a Visualforce page with following code :

<apex:page >

<apex:includeScript value="{!URLFOR($Resource.SteamingAPI, 'StreaminAPI/JQueryComet/Cometd.js')}"/>
<apex:includeScript value="{!URLFOR($Resource.SteamingAPI, 'StreaminAPI/jquery_1.5.2.min.js')}"/>
<apex:includeScript value="{!URLFOR($Resource.SteamingAPI, 'StreaminAPI/JQueryComet/json2.js')}"/>
<apex:includeScript value="{!URLFOR($Resource.SteamingAPI, 'StreaminAPI/JQueryComet/jquery.cometd.js')}"/>

<apex:includeScript value="{!URLFOR($Resource.SteamingAPI, 'StreaminAPI/Style/jquery-animate-css-rotate-scale.js')}"/>
<apex:includeScript value="{!URLFOR($Resource.SteamingAPI, 'StreaminAPI/Style/jquery-css-transform.js')}"/>

<apex:stylesheet value="{!URLFOR($Resource.SteamingAPI, 'StreaminAPI/Style/style.css')}"/>

<div class="menu">
<!-- Place holder for notifications -->
</div>

	 <script type="text/javascript">
	    var $jq = jQuery.noConflict();

            $jq('.item').click(
                function(){
                    var $this = $jq(this);
                    expand($this);
                }
            );
            function expand($elem){
                var angle = 0;
                var t = setInterval(function () {
                    if(angle == 1440){
                        clearInterval(t);
                        return;
                    }
                    angle += 40;
                    $jq('.link',$elem).stop().animate({rotate: '+=-40deg'}, 0);
                },10);
                $elem.stop().animate({width:'500px'}, 1000)
                .find('.item_content').fadeIn(400);
            }

           function createEle(data)
           {
	           	var $itemDiv = $jq(document.createElement('div'));
	           	$itemDiv.addClass('item');

	           	var $anch =  $jq(document.createElement('a'));
	           	$anch.addClass('link');
	           	$anch.addClass('icon_alert');

	           	var $contentDiv = $jq(document.createElement('div'));
	           	$contentDiv.addClass('item_content');

	           	var $h2 = $jq(document.createElement('h2'));
	           	$h2.html('Won New Opportunity');
	           	$contentDiv.append($h2);

	           	$contentDiv.append('<br />Name : '+data.Name+' <br />	Amount : '+data.Amount+' <br /><a href="#"> Navigate to Opportunity </a>');

	           	$itemDiv.append($anch);
	           	$itemDiv.append($contentDiv);
	           	$jq(".menu").append($itemDiv);
	           	expand($itemDiv);
           }

           $jq(function() {
			 	 // Connect to the CometD endpoint

	            $jq.cometd.init({
	               url: window.location.protocol+'//'+window.location.hostname+'/cometd/23.0/',
	               requestHeaders: { Authorization: 'OAuth {!$Api.Session_ID}'}
	           });

	          $jq.cometd.subscribe('/topic/WonOpportunity', function(message) {
	          		createEle(message.data.sobject);
	            });

			});

        </script>
</apex:page>

After saving this page, open same salesforce instance in other browser or tab and make change to any opportunity with status “won”, it will display an alert that opportunity is won.
Output:

Salesforce Streaming API Example

JSON Reponse:
following JSON response we gets from Streaming API. The Rows returned in Object depends upon the Push topic create earlier.

[
   {
      "channel":"/topic/WonOpportunity",
      "data":{
         "event":{
            "type":"created",
            "createdDate":"2012-05-05T10:06:45.000+0000"
         },
         "sobject":{
            "Name":"om",
            "IsWon":true,
            "Amount":null,
            "OwnerId":"00590000000Gl5VAAS",
            "Id":"00690000006C8yFAAS"
         }
      }
   },
   {
      "channel":"/meta/connect",
      "advice":{
         "reconnect":"retry",
         "interval":0,
         "timeout":110000
      },
      "successful":true,
      "id":"3"
   }
]

Debugging Streaming API:
We can use “firebug” plugin of Mozilla to check whether the http request is made or not from JQuery (comet). Following screen can give you little idea about the http (XHR) requests made from JQuery .

Firebug Tool - Debugging Streaming API of Salesforce

Download Static Resource used in this article for Streaming API example of salesforce

Output Video of Streaming API:

No related posts.

Here are some of the (edited) highlights from this episode’s chat transcript.

Question: Is there a way in Apex to send an email and replace the default from email address (no-reply@salesforce.com)?
Ans: Yes, using either the setSenderDisplayName or setOrgWideEmailAddressID methods on the SingleEmailMessage or MassEmailMessage classes.

Question: Which fields are accessible in a Trigger.new record without performing a SOQL query? For example if my trigger is on the Contact object, are fields on the parent Account object (like Account Description) accessible without performing an explicit SOQL query?
Ans: You can use Trigger.new to access all non-null fields of the object on which the trigger is defined. You have to perform an explicit SOQL query to access any fields on associated parent or child records. For example, if the trigger is defined on Contact, you can only access the Id of the parent Account record (via AccountId) in Trigger.new. You’d need to perform a separate SOQL query to access any other field on the parent Acccount record (e.g. Description, Industry etc.).

Question: Does Apex support JavaDoc style documentation?
Ans:Apex does not natively support generating JavaDoc style documentation. However, the Force.com developer community has created an open-source tool to support this. More details can be found here.

Question: Is there any advantage to having just one “master” trigger per object, or should we have separate triggers for each functional requirement?
Ans:There is no hard or fast rule in the one vs many triggers per object debate. A lot depends on the specific use case and how you prefer to organize your code. Having a single ‘master’ trigger per object can help enforce order of code execution. Having all code in a single trigger can also be an appealing way to organize code. However, having separate triggers enforce different business requirements may increase code maintainability for some.

Question: How can I return random records in a SOQL query (e.g for testing purposes)?
Ans: The easy option would be to perform a SOQL query without a WITH or ORDER BY clause. A more advanced option would be to use a combination of SOQL OFFSET and Math.random() as described in this Stackoverflow thread.

Question:  Can we use Facebook credentials to log into a Customer Portal?
Ans:Yes – using the new Authentication Providers feature in Spring ’12. For more details, check out this webinar recording.

Question:  Can we integrate Google Calender with the Salesforce Calender?
Ans:You can use this Google Data toolkit to implement a custom integration between Google Calendar and Salesforce.

Possibly Related posts:

1. Latest Salesforce Interview Questions – Part 4 – Related to Dynamic Apex
2. Dynamic Approval Process in Salesforce based on the Apex and Trigger
3. Salesforce Interview Questions – Part 5

Part – 1 | Part – 2 | Part – 3 | Part – 4 – Dynamic Apex | Part – 5 | Part – 6 | Part – 7

Salesforce Certification Mock Test

61. How to round the double to two decimal places in Apex?
Ans:

Decimal d = 100/3;
Double ans = d.setScale(2) ;

62.In Profile settings, what is difference between “Modify All Data” and “Modify All” ?
Ans:
Modify All Data : Create, edit, and delete all organization data, regardless of sharing settings.
Modify All : Give All (Read, Create, Add, Delete) permission to selected Object.

63. If i want record level access then what should i use from Salesforce security model?
Ans: Manual Sharing

63. If i want Object level access then what should i use from Salesforce security model?
Ans: Profile

64. In OWD (Organization wide sharing), can i change the setting “Grant Access Using Hierarchies” for Standard Objects ?
Ans: You cannot change it for Standard Objects However for Custom Objects its possible.

65. What is Mandatory while creating User, Role or Profile?
Ans : Its Profile.

66. In case of Master-Detail relationship, on Update of master record can we update the field of child record using workflow rule?
Ans: No

67. In case of Master-Detail relationship, on Update of child record can we update the field of Parent record using workflow rule?
Ans: Yes, the Master fields are also available for “Criteria evaluation”.

68. While setting OWD (Organization wide sharing), can we change/modify the setting of child record in case of Master-Detail relationship?
Ans: No, Child record is controlled by the Parents setting.

69. What is the need of “Custom Controller” in Visualforce as everything can be done by the combination of Standard Controller + Extension class.
Ans :

• Sharing setting is applied on standard object/extension by default; In case we don’t want to apply sharing setting in our code then Custom controller is only option.
• It is possible that the functionality of page does not required any Standard object or may require more than one standard object, then in that case Custom controller is required.

70. In class declaration if we don’t write keyword “with sharing” then it runs in system mode then why keyword “without sharing” is introduced in apex?
Ans:
Lets take example, there is classA declared using “with sharing” and it calls classB method. classB is not declared with any keyword then by default “with sharing” will be applied to that class because originating call is done through classA. To avoid this we have to explicitly define classB with keyword “without sharing”.

Possibly Related posts:

1. Salesforce Interview Questions – Part 6
2. Salesforce Interview Questions – Part 5
3. Salesforce Interview Questions – Part 3

In this article, i will delineate creating the “Gantt Chart” using JQuery and JSON. In previous article we have seen that how to generate JSON using Salesforce. So continuing the last article, i will use the same JSON reponse to create the “Gantt Chart”.

What is Gantt Chart?

A Gantt chart is a type of bar chart, developed by Henry Gantt, that illustrates a project schedule. Gantt charts illustrate the start and finish dates of the terminal elements and summary elements of a project.

In this example i am going to create the Gantt Chart for room reservation system. for this i am going to use the JQuery plugin for creating Gantt Chart found here.

Plugin uses following JSON format :

[{  "name"  : "Task#1"
  , "desc"  : " Task Desc"
  , "values": [
      {  "from"       : "/Date(1296547200000)/"
       , "to"         : "/Date(1296554400000)/"
       , "desc"       : "<b>Task #1<br>"
       , "customClass": "ganttRed" (optional)
       , "label"      : "Task #1" (optional)
      },
      {  "from"       : "/Date(1296637200000)/"
       , "to"         : "/Date(1296649800000)/"
       , "desc": "<b>Task #</b>"
       , "customClass": "ganttOrange" (optional)
       , "label": "Task #1" (optional)
      }
  ]
 },
 ...
]

However we know that the variable name “from” and “desc” are not valid in Apex because they are keyword. so as a workaround i am replacing the placeholders after the generation of JSON in previous article.

I have added the Static Resource of name “GanttChart” which includes the jQuery and jQuery plugin to draw the Gantt Chart.

Download Complete Source code for Gantt Chart in Salesforce with Static resources

following visualforce page renders the Grantt chart on the basis of JSON passed:

<apex:page standardStylesheets="false" sidebar="false">

<apex:stylesheet value="{!URLFOR($Resource.GanttChart, 'style.css')}"/>
<apex:includeScript value="{!URLFOR($Resource.GanttChart, 'js/jquery-1.5.1.min.js')}"/>
<apex:includeScript value="{!URLFOR($Resource.GanttChart, 'js/jquery.fn.gantt.js')}"/>

<div class="gantt" />

<script type="text/javascript">

$gc = jQuery.noConflict();

function getHostName()
{
    var p = $gc(location).attr('href');
    pathArray = p.split( '/' );
    var protocol = pathArray[0];
    var host = pathArray[2];
    return protocol+'//'+host;
}

	var jsonDataURL = getHostName()+'/apex/GanttChartData?core.apexpages.devmode.url=0';

	$gc(function () {
     	$gc(".gantt").gantt({source: jsonDataURL, navigate: 'scroll', scale: 'hours', maxScale: 'hours', minScale: 'hours', hollydays: ["\/Date(1293836400000)\/"]});
     });

</script>

</apex:page>

Gantt Chart will be rendered in div tag having class name as “gantt“.

Note : We have to Remember one thing that the Date must be passed in format of “\/Date(VALUE_IN_MIL_SECOND)\/” because regular expression is used by the plugin to identify and convert back date to javascript format.

Refer this API for Datetime methods of the Salesforce

The output will look like:

Gantt Chart in Salesforce

Download Complete Source code for Gantt Chart in Salesforce with Static resources

Possibly Related posts:

1. Creating JSON Parser Using JQuery
2. JSON output in Visualforce
3. Streaming API Using JQuery – Salesforce

Before going into depth would like to explain the basic concept of JSON syntax for the newbie.

There are following thumb rules i have identified from my experience, please comment in this article if i miss something here:

• The JSON stands for “Java Script Object Notation“.
• JSON is used widely as an option to xml, because the xml is very verbose whereas the JSON is having very simple representation.
• It Simply have a key and value pair combination.
• DataTypes supported by the JSON are “Number, String, Boolean, Array, Object and null”.
• Key and value pair are separated by colon “:”
• Object is enclosed between curly brackets “{” and “}”.
• Array is enclosed using square bracket “[", "]” separated by the comma.

Example of JSON syntax:

{
     "firstName": "Jitendra",
     "lastName" : "Zaa",
     "age"      : 26,
     "address"  :
     {
         "streetAddress": "21 2nd Street",
         "city"         : "Nagpur",
         "state"        : "MH",
         "postalCode"   : "400008"
     },
     "phoneNumber":
     [
         {
           "type"  : "Mobile",
           "number": "212 555-1234"
         },
         {
           "type"  : "Home",
           "number": "646 555-4567"
         }
     ]
 }

Download Source code – Visualforce page as JSON

Now i hope that you must have got some starting information regarding the JSON syntax.
I am taking example of room reservation system and going to create classes in Apex and then convert all into equivalent JSON code. Following is the structure of class i need for this demo.

• ReservationDetail (This class will have information like start and end time of room, description and label)
• Room (This class have room and list of above class as one room can be booked by multiple users).

Refer Salesforce – JSON API

Below is the complete code of the Apex class to generate the JSON.

/**
	Author - Jitendra Zaa
	This controller class is used by the VF page "GanttChartData" to generate the JSON
*/
public with sharing class GanttChartData {

	public String jsonString {get;set;}

	//Constructor
	public GanttChartData()
	{
		jsonString = prepareData();

	}
	//Temp Method to prepare the Data
	private String prepareData()
	{
		List<ReservationDetail> dtlObj = new List<ReservationDetail>();

		ReservationDetail obj1 = new ReservationDetail();
		ReservationDetail obj2 = new ReservationDetail();
		ReservationDetail obj3 = new ReservationDetail();

		obj1.setFromDate(String.valueOf(datetime.newInstanceGmt(2012,04, 17, 0, 0, 0).getTime()));
		obj1.setToDate(String.valueOf(datetime.newInstanceGmt(2012,04, 17, 05, 30, 0).getTime()));
		obj1.desc_PH = 'Booked by : Jitendra <br /> for JQuery Demo';
		obj1.label = 'Jitendra';
		obj1.customClass = 'ganttRed';

		obj2.setFromDate(String.valueOf(datetime.newInstanceGmt(2012,04, 17, 20, 30, 0).getTime()));
		obj2.setToDate(String.valueOf(datetime.newInstanceGmt(2012,04, 17, 23, 30, 2).getTime()));
		obj2.desc_PH = 'Booked by : Tuiya <br /> for Wireless Lecture';
		obj2.label = 'Tuiya';
		obj2.customClass = 'ganttOrange';

		obj3.setFromDate(String.valueOf(datetime.newInstanceGmt(2012,04, 19, 09, 30, 0).getTime()));
		obj3.setToDate(String.valueOf(datetime.newInstanceGmt(2012,04, 19, 16, 30, 2).getTime()));
		obj3.desc_PH = 'Booked by : Santosh <br /> for SAP Basis';
		obj3.label = 'Santosh';
		obj3.customClass = 'ganttGreen';

		dtlObj.add(obj1);
		dtlObj.add(obj2);
		dtlObj.add(obj3);

		Room r = new Room();
		r.name = 'Training Room';
		r.desc_PH = 'This is Training Room';
		r.values = dtlObj;

		List<Room> r1 = new List<Room>();
		r1.add(r);

		return JSON.serialize(r1);
	}
	public class RoomList
	{
		public List<Room> rooms;
	}
	public class Room
	{
		public String name{get;set;}
		//Below var name - desc
		public String desc_PH{get;set;}
		public List<ReservationDetail> values{get;set;}
	}

	public class ReservationDetail
	{
		//actual variable name needed was "from", but it is keyword so we cant use that
		public String frm_PH{get;set;}
		public String to{get;set;}

		public String desc_PH{get;set;}
		public String label{get;set;}

		/*
			Custom class Can be anything from below:
			ganttRed
			ganttGreen
			ganttOrange

		*/
		public String customClass{get;set;}

		public void setToDate(String val)
		{
			to = setDate(val);
		}
		public void setFromDate(String val)
		{
			frm_PH = setDate(val);
		}
		//Date should be in special format as it is used in regular expression
		private String setDate(String val)
		{
			return '/Date('+val+')/';
		}
	}
}

As you can see in above code that i am using method “JSON.serialize(Object)” to convert the class into JSON. the variable name will be converted as a key.

In above code some extra logic is also added like formatting Date data, there is no need of this.

Output Visualforce page as JSON Data:

To output the Visualforce page as JSON Data following point needs to be taken care,

1. contentType should be “application/x-JavaScript; charset=utf-8″ (Note that i have not specified it as json although valid MIME type available for JSON in HTML)
2. showHeader attribute should be false.
3. standardStylesheets attribute should be false.
4. sidebar attribute should be false.
5. While calling the VF page always specify explicitly that we don’t need Page editor tool of the Salesforce using core.apexpages.devmode.url=0.

Source code for VF:

<apex:page controller="GanttChartData"  contentType="application/x-JavaScript; charset=utf-8" showHeader="false" standardStylesheets="false" sidebar="false">
{!jsonString}
</apex:page>

The output of the above code is:

Visualforce page output as JSON

Download Source code – Visualforce page as JSON

Possibly Related posts:

1. Gantt Chart in Salesforce using JQuery and JSON
2. One visualforce page as an iframe in another visualforce page – Salesforce.com
3. Passing multiple Parameters in ActionFunction in Visualforce

We cannot create trigger on Attachment from the standard salesforce UI however we will have to use the eclipse.

Before insert Trigger on Attachment using eclipse in Salesforce

While creating the trigger, we have to keep some important points. We should be very careful while writing the trigger on Attachment, as it will be used by any standard or custom Object and therefore the criteria to run trigger for “particular object only” must be handled carefully.

In this article i will create the trigger which will check for the parent object “Opportunity”. If the object is opportunity then it will check let say for the file name cannot contain word “shivasoft”.

trigger CheckAttachmentName on Attachment (before insert) {
	for (Attachment att:Trigger.new)
	{
		String parentObjId = att.ParentId;
		//006 is the starting sting in ID for all opportunities
		if(parentObjId.startsWith('006') && att.Name.toLowerCase().contains('shivasoft'))
		{
				att.addError('Cannot upload file with name containing - shivasoft');
		}
	}

	//This method will return true if the id belongs to Opportunity
	private Boolean isOpportunityParent(String id)
	{
		for(Opportunity opp : [SELECT Id FROM Opportunity WHERE Id = :id])
		{
			return true;
		}
		return false;
	}
}

In the above code, we are checking that the Parent id starts with “006″ or not. As starting three characters in ID identifies the type of the object.

Alternate solution – Not recommended :
There is one method created named “isOpportunityParent” which uses the SOQL approach but it is not recommended and may cause SOQL limit exception in bulk processing. We can supply the list of Id in method and return the Map which will contain ParentId as Key and Boolean as value identifying that the particular id belongs to opportunity or not?

Error Message on Attachment using Trigger in Salesforce

Possibly Related posts:

1. Step by Step Salesforce Tutorial – Creating Trigger and Test cases – 6 of 6
2. Dynamic Approval Process in Salesforce based on the Apex and Trigger
3. Step by Step Salesforce Tutorial – Creating custom object – 1 of 6

Agenda of this article:

1. Automatically submit the record for approval on the basis of field value.
2. Automatically select the next Approver.
3. Approve / Reject the record on the basis of field.

Assumptions:

• Opportunity Object is used.
• Approval Process is already set on the Opportunity.
• Field “Next_Approver” will decide that who is going to approve the record.
• There are three steps in the approval process.
• There is no test class written and no check for mandatory fields needed for the trigger, as I have considered positive scenarios only.

Important URLS:

API of Approval Process classes:

1. http://www.salesforce.com/us/developer/docs/apexcode/Content/apex_process.htm
2. http://www.salesforce.com/us/developer/docs/apexcode/Content/apex_ProcessRequest.htm
3. http://www.salesforce.com/us/developer/docs/apexcode/Content/apex_ProcessResult.htm
4. http://www.salesforce.com/us/developer/docs/apexcode/Content/apex_ProcessSubmitRequest.htm
5. http://www.salesforce.com/us/developer/docs/apexcode/Content/apex_ProcessWorkitemRequest.htm

Steps of Standard approval process defined:

Approval Process Steps

To achieve this, I am going to create the trigger named “AutomateApprove”.

Automatically submit the approval process using trigger – Apex:

Below method is used to automatically submit the approval process using trigger.

public void submitForApproval(Opportunity opp)
    {
        // Create an approval request for the Opportunity
        Approval.ProcessSubmitRequest req1 = new Approval.ProcessSubmitRequest();
        req1.setComments('Submitting request for approval automatically using Trigger');
        req1.setObjectId(opp.id);
        req1.setNextApproverIds(new Id[] {opp.Next_Approver__c});

        // Submit the approval request for the Opportunity
        Approval.ProcessResult result = Approval.process(req1);

    }

Class “ProcessSubmitRequest” is used to automatically submit the approval process. We need to set following items while submitting the approval process using trigger:

• Comment
• TargetObjectId
• NextApproverIds – if needed. Here Custom logic can be written to dynamically set approver for approval process. In this case I am using the custom field present on the Opportunity.

Automatically approve the approval process using trigger – Apex:

Below method is used to automatically approve the approval process using trigger.

/*
    * This method will Approve the opportunity
    */
    public void approveRecord(Opportunity opp)
    {
        Approval.ProcessWorkitemRequest req = new Approval.ProcessWorkitemRequest();
        req.setComments('Approving request using Trigger');
        req.setAction('Approve');
        req.setNextApproverIds(new Id[] {opp.Next_Approver__c});
        Id workItemId = getWorkItemId(opp.id);
        //opp.addError(workItemId);

        if(workItemId == null)
        {
            opp.addError('Error Occured in Trigger');
            //opp.addError(workItemId);
        }
        else
        {
            req.setWorkitemId(workItemId);
            // Submit the request for approval
            Approval.ProcessResult result =  Approval.process(req);
        }
    }

Class “ProcessWorkitemRequest” is used to automatically approve the approval process. We need to set following items while submitting the approval process using trigger:

• Comment
• TargetObjectId
• NextApproverIds – if needed
• WorkItemId – Custom code required to get this

Get the WorkItemId for the pending approval process of the Object:
This is the tricky part, if the Submission and approval of the record is done in single code block then it’s very easy to get the WorkItemId of the needed process.

Here the standard code snap provided:

After Submission the approval process using Apex we get the object of class “ProcessResult”.

Approval.ProcessResult result = Approval.process(req1);

And from the class we can get workitemid as :

List<Id> newWorkItemIds = result.getNewWorkitemIds();

And set the id like:

req2.setWorkitemId(newWorkItemIds.get(0));

Other method to get the “WorkItemId” :
The above code was not usable in our scenario as the submission and approval or rejection was done at different level. So I have created following utility method to get the WorkitemId of the supplied Object’s id. Here I have considered that only one workitem will present.

public Id getWorkItemId(Id targetObjectId)
    {
        Id retVal = null;

        for(ProcessInstanceWorkitem workItem  : [Select p.Id from ProcessInstanceWorkitem p
            where p.ProcessInstance.TargetObjectId =: targetObjectId])
        {
            retVal  =  workItem.Id;
        }

        return retVal;
    }

As you can see, we need to query the object “ProcessInstanceWorkitem” to get workitemId of the object.

Automatically reject the approval process using trigger – Apex:
Following code is used to reject the approval process using code.

public void rejectRecord(Opportunity opp)
    {
        Approval.ProcessWorkitemRequest req = new Approval.ProcessWorkitemRequest();
        req.setComments('Rejected request using Trigger');
        req.setAction('Reject');
        //req.setNextApproverIds(new Id[] {UserInfo.getUserId()});
        Id workItemId = getWorkItemId(opp.id);
        //opp.addError(workItemId);

        if(workItemId == null)
        {
            opp.addError('Error Occured in Trigger');
            //opp.addError(workItemId);
        }
        else
        {
            req.setWorkitemId(workItemId);
            // Submit the request for approval
            Approval.ProcessResult result =  Approval.process(req);
        }
    }

Execution of Approval process using Apex and trigger:

Approval Process Log After Execution

Complete code:

trigger AutomateApprove on Opportunity(After insert, After update)
{

    for (Integer i = 0; i < Trigger.new.size(); i++)
    {
     try
     {
        //Insure that previous value not equal to current, else if there is any field update on approval process action
        //there will be recurrence of the trigger.

        if(Trigger.new[i].Next_Step__c == 'Submit' && Trigger.old[i].Next_Step__c != 'Submit')
        {
           submitForApproval(Trigger.new[i]);
        }
        else if(Trigger.new[i].Next_Step__c == 'Approve' && Trigger.old[i].Next_Step__c != 'Approve')
        {
             approveRecord(Trigger.new[i]);
        }
        else if(Trigger.new[i].Next_Step__c == 'Reject' && Trigger.old[i].Next_Step__c != 'Reject')
        {
             rejectRecord(Trigger.new[i]);
        }
     }catch(Exception e)
     {
         Trigger.new[i].addError(e.getMessage());
     }
    }

    // This method will submit the opportunity automatically
    public void submitForApproval(Opportunity opp)
    {
        // Create an approval request for the Opportunity
        Approval.ProcessSubmitRequest req1 = new Approval.ProcessSubmitRequest();
        req1.setComments('Submitting request for approval automatically using Trigger');
        req1.setObjectId(opp.id);
        req1.setNextApproverIds(new Id[] {opp.Next_Approver__c});

        // Submit the approval request for the Opportunity
        Approval.ProcessResult result = Approval.process(req1);

    }

    //Get ProcessInstanceWorkItemId using SOQL
    public Id getWorkItemId(Id targetObjectId)
    {
        Id retVal = null;

        for(ProcessInstanceWorkitem workItem  : [Select p.Id from ProcessInstanceWorkitem p
            where p.ProcessInstance.TargetObjectId =: targetObjectId])
        {
            retVal  =  workItem.Id;
        }

        return retVal;
    }

    // This method will Approve the opportunity
    public void approveRecord(Opportunity opp)
    {
        Approval.ProcessWorkitemRequest req = new Approval.ProcessWorkitemRequest();
        req.setComments('Approving request using Trigger');
        req.setAction('Approve');
        req.setNextApproverIds(new Id[] {opp.Next_Approver__c});
        Id workItemId = getWorkItemId(opp.id);
        //opp.addError(workItemId);

        if(workItemId == null)
        {
            opp.addError('Error Occured in Trigger');
            //opp.addError(workItemId);
        }
        else
        {
            req.setWorkitemId(workItemId);
            // Submit the request for approval
            Approval.ProcessResult result =  Approval.process(req);
        }
    }

    // This method will Reject the opportunity
    public void rejectRecord(Opportunity opp)
    {
        Approval.ProcessWorkitemRequest req = new Approval.ProcessWorkitemRequest();
        req.setComments('Rejected request using Trigger');
        req.setAction('Reject');
        //req.setNextApproverIds(new Id[] {UserInfo.getUserId()});
        Id workItemId = getWorkItemId(opp.id);
        //opp.addError(workItemId);

        if(workItemId == null)
        {
            opp.addError('Error Occured in Trigger');
            //opp.addError(workItemId);
        }
        else
        {
            req.setWorkitemId(workItemId);
            // Submit the request for approval
            Approval.ProcessResult result =  Approval.process(req);
        }
    }

}

Note on possible errors:

1.If you have the “manual Selection of approver” enabled for your approval process/steps then you must specify the approver in the trigger, else you will get an error something like:

“System.DmlException: Process failed. First exception on row 0; first error: REQUIRED_FIELD_MISSING, missing required field: []”

2.If you set the wrong WorkitemId then may get following error:

Process failed. First exception on row 0; first error: INVALID_CROSS_REFERENCE_KEY, invalid cross reference id: []

Possibly Related posts:

1. Creating Trigger on Attachment in Salesforce
2. Latest Salesforce Interview Questions – Part 4 – Related to Dynamic Apex
3. Step by Step Salesforce Tutorial – Creating Trigger and Test cases – 6 of 6

Part – 1 | Part – 2 | Part – 3 | Part – 4 – Dynamic Apex | Part – 5 | Part – 6 | Part – 7

Salesforce Certification Mock Test

51. Explain Permission sets released in Winter 12.
Ans :
A permission set is a collection of settings and permissions that give users access to various tools and functions. The settings and permissions in permission sets are also found in profiles, but permission sets extend users’ functional access without changing their profiles. For example, to give users access to a custom object, create a permission set, enable the required permissions for the object, and assign the permission set to the users. You never have to change profiles, or create a profile for a single use case. While users can have only one profile, they can have multiple permission sets.

52. What is the difference between External ID and Unique ID?
Ans:
External ID
This is a field that usually references an ID from another (external) system. For instance, if the customer has an Oracle Financials system that they will be linking with salesforce.com, it may be easier for them to be able to refer to the Oracle ID of account records from within salesforce. So they would create an external ID in salesforce.com and they would load the Oracle ID into that field for each account. They can then refer to that ID field, rather than the salesforce.com id.

Additionally, if you have an external ID field, the field becomes searchable in the sidebar search. You also can use the upsert API call with the extenal ID to refer to records.

You can have multiple records with the same external ID (though it is not reccomended, as it will defeat the purpose of the external id) .

External Id available for Text, Number and Email field types.

External Id is used in upsert operations.

• If external id is absenor not matched then insert happens.
• If external id matched once then record will be updated.
• If external id is matched multiple times then error occurs.

Unique ID field

This is a setting for the field that will prevent you from using the same value in multiple records for the unique field. So if I create a 5 character text field and make it unique, and I create a record with the value “12345″ i will not be able to create another record with that same value in the unique field. If i try to do so, I will get an error saying that the value is already in use.

Often, External Ids are set with the unique property so that the IDs will be unique to each record.

Salesforce - External Id option while creating field

53. How to get the picklist value in Apex class?
Ans :
Using Dynamic apex, we can achieve this.on object of type pickilist, call getDescribe(). then call the getPicklistValues() method. iterate over result and create a list. bind it to <apex:selectOptions>.

54. What are the types of controller in visual force?
Ans :
There are basically two types of Controller in Visual force page.

1. Standard Controller and
2. Custom Controller

55. How many Controllers can be used on single VF page?
Ans :

Only one controller can be used salesforce. Other than them, Controller extension can be used. There may be more than one Controller extention.
Example :

<apex:page standardController="Account"
extensions="ExtOne,ExtTwo" showHeader="false">
<apex:outputText value="{!foo}" />
</apex:page>

if ExtOne and ExtTwo, both have the method getFoo() then the method of ExtOne will be executed.

A controller extension is any Apex class that contains a constructor that takes a single argument of type ApexPages.StandardController or CustomControllerName, where CustomControllerName is the name of a custom controller that you want to extend.

56. Explain System.runAs()
Ans :
Generally, all Apex code runs in system mode, and the permissions and record sharing of the current user are not taken into account. The system method, System.runAs(), lets you write test methods that change user contexts to either an existing user or a new user. All of that user’s record sharing is then enforced. You can only use runAs in a test method. The original system context is started again after all runAs() test methods complete.
Example :

System.runAs(u) {
// The following code runs as user 'u'
System.debug('Current User: ' + UserInfo.getUserName());
System.debug('Current Profile: ' + UserInfo.getProfileId()); }
// Run some code that checks record sharing
}

57. Explain Test.setPage().
Ans:
It is used to set the context to current page, normally used for testing the visual force controller.

58. What is the custom settings ?
Ans :
Custom settings are similar to custom objects and enable application developers to create custom sets of data, as well as create and associate custom data for an organization, profile, or specific user. All custom settings data is exposed in the application cache, which enables efficient access without the cost of repeated queries to the database. This data can then be used by formula fields, validation rules, Apex, and the Web services API.

59. Types of the custom settings?
Ans :
List Custom Settings
A type of custom setting that provides a reusable set of static data that can be accessed across your organization. If you use a particular set of data frequently within your application, putting that data in a list custom setting streamlines access to it. Data in list settings does not vary with profile or user, but is available organization-wide. Examples of list data include two-letter state abbreviations, international dialing prefixes, and catalog numbers for products. Because the data is cached, access is low-cost and efficient: you don’t have to use SOQL queries that count against your governor limits.

Hierarchy Custom Settings
A type of custom setting that uses a built-in hierarchical logic that lets you “personalize” settings for specific profiles or users. The hierarchy logic checks the organization, profile, and user settings for the current user and returns the most specific, or “lowest,” value. In the hierarchy, settings for an organization are overridden by profile settings, which, in turn, are overridden by user settings.

60. Difference between SOSL and SOQL in Salesforce ?
Ans :

SOSL	SOQL
stands for "Salesforce object search language".	stands for "Salesforce object query language".
Works on multiple object at a same time.	Need to write different SOQL for different object.
All fields are already text indexed.	SOQL against same field will be slow.
Cannot used in Triggers. Can only be used in Apex class and anonymous block.	Can be used in Apex class and Triggers.

Possibly Related posts:

1. Salesforce Interview Questions – Part 7
2. Salesforce Interview Questions – Part 5
3. Salesforce Interview Questions – Part 1

With the help of CSS 3 other than just style now we can even animate, translate and do lots of stuff which were not possible by the CSS 2 and needed the help of other JavaScript library like JQuery UI.

In this tutorial we are going to learn different transform operations supported by the CSS 3.

The Transform operations are supported by IE 9, Mozilla, Google Chrome, Safari and Opera.

Live Demo – Click Here.

1. rotate() method

Using this method, we can rotate any element for the specified degree from 0 to 360 having positive or negative value.

Example:

transform: rotate(-10deg);
-ms-transform: rotate(-10deg); /* IE 9 */
-webkit-transform: rotate(-10deg); /* Safari and Chrome */
-o-transform: rotate(-10deg); /* Opera */
-moz-transform: rotate(-10deg); /* Firefox */

In above code snippet, we have to supply the degree to which element should be rotated. Instead of -10, we can also supply the 350 which will give the same result.

CSS 3 Tutorial Rotate

In CSS3, we have to explicitly specify the filters for different browsers so that they can understand the property.

• “-ms-” stands for Microsoft Internet Explorer
• “-webkit-” stands for Safari and Chrome
• “-o-” stands for Opera
• “-moz-” stands for Mozilla

2. translate() method

This function causes to move the element from iths original position to specified x and y parameter. This method requires two parameters in which first means transform from x axis and second means transform from y axis.

Other Methods:
translateX(n) – Defines a 2D translation, moving the element along the X-axis
translateY(n) – Defines a 2D translation, moving the element along the Y-axis

CSS 3 Tutorial Translate

Example :

transform: translate(300px,40px);
-ms-transform: translate(300px,40px); /* IE 9 */
-webkit-transform: translate(300px,40px); /* Safari and Chrome */
-o-transform: translate(300px,40px); /* Opera */
-moz-transform: translate(300px,40px); /* Firefox */

3. scale() Method
This method is used to increase or decrease the size of the element. any value less than 1 means decrease and any value greater than 1 means increase in size. This method also requires two parameter, first is for the width (x-axis) and second for the height (y-axis).

CSS 3 Tutorial Scale

transform: scale(1,2);
-ms-transform: scale(1,2); /* IE 9 */
-webkit-transform: scale(1,2); /* Safari and Chrome */
-o-transform: scale(1,2); /* Opera */
-moz-transform: scale(1,2); /* Firefox */

4. skew() method
Using this method, element turned on given angle on the basis of x and y parameters. This method requires two parameters, first is the angle for x-axis and second is angle for y-axis.

CSS 3 Tutorial Skew

Other Methods:
skewX(angle) – Defines a 2D skew transformation along the X-axis
skewY(angle) – Defines a 2D skew transformation along the Y-axis

transform: skew(20deg,10deg);
-ms-transform: skew(20deg,10deg); /* IE 9 */
-webkit-transform: skew(20deg,10deg); /* Safari and Chrome */
-o-transform: skew(20deg,10deg); /* Opera */
-moz-transform: skew(20deg,10deg); /* Firefox */

5. matrix()

This is the combination of all above methods and takes 6 parameters.

CSS 3 Tutorial matrix

Read in detail about matrix() method of css3

transform:matrix(1,0.25,-0.25,1,0,0);
-ms-transform:matrix(1,0.25,-0.25,1,0,0); /* IE 9 */
-moz-transform:matrix(1,0.25,-0.25,1,0,0); /* Firefox */
-webkit-transform:matrix(1,0.25,-0.25,1,0,0); /* Safari and Chrome */
-o-transform:matrix(1,0.25,-0.25,1,0,0); /* Opera */

Possibly Related posts:

1. Complete CSS Selector Tutorial for the beginners
2. Create Pure CSS based Menu – Step by Step Tutorial

New Website URL – Salesforce Certification Mock Test

Screens Shots:

Salesforce Mock Certification Test - Front Page

Salesforce Certification Mock Test - Questions

In the near future, i am going to add the mock tests for Java as well as .Net also to help the preparation of Salesforce.

Possibly Related posts:

1. Step by Step Salesforce Tutorial – Creating Trigger and Test cases – 6 of 6
2. Salesforce Interview Questions – Part 1
3. Getting record from other Salesforce organization OR communication between multiple salesforce organization

Live Demo

So here i came with few workarounds as follow:

1. Using Traditional JavaScript:
This was the first option in mind and worked very well. We have to use it very straightforward as always,

var ele = document.getElementById("abc:xyz");

2. Using JQuery Approach 1:
In this approach instead of searching by $(“#abc:xyz”), we have to search like

var ele = $('[id="abc:xyz"]');

3. Using JQuery Approach 2:
Use double slash “\\” in front of colon which will work as escape sequence

var ele = $("#abc\\:xyz");

4. Using JQuery and JavaScript both:
We will find the element by traditional JavaScript and then assign it to the JQuery like

var ele = document.getElementById('abc:xyz');
ele = $(ele).val();

Complete Source Code demonstrating the scenario:

<html>
<head>
<title>
Handling Colon in Element ID in JQuery | ShivaSoft
</title>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.6.4/jquery.js"></script>
<style>
.myButton {
	-moz-box-shadow:inset 0px 1px 0px 0px #ffffff;
	-webkit-box-shadow:inset 0px 1px 0px 0px #ffffff;
	box-shadow:inset 0px 1px 0px 0px #ffffff;
	background:-webkit-gradient( linear, left top, left bottom, color-stop(0.05, #ededed), color-stop(1, #dfdfdf) );
	background:-moz-linear-gradient( center top, #ededed 5%, #dfdfdf 100% );
	filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorstr='#ededed', endColorstr='#dfdfdf');
	background-color:#ededed;
	-moz-border-radius:6px;
	-webkit-border-radius:6px;
	border-radius:6px;
	border:1px solid #dcdcdc;
	display:inline-block;
	color:#777777;
	font-family:arial;
	font-size:15px;
	font-weight:bold;
	padding:6px 24px;
	text-decoration:none;
	text-shadow:1px 1px 0px #ffffff;
	cursor:pointer;
}.myButton:hover {
	background:-webkit-gradient( linear, left top, left bottom, color-stop(0.05, #dfdfdf), color-stop(1, #ededed) );
	background:-moz-linear-gradient( center top, #dfdfdf 5%, #ededed 100% );
	filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorstr='#dfdfdf', endColorstr='#ededed');
	background-color:#dfdfdf;
}.myButton:active {
	position:relative;
	top:1px;
}
code
{
	color:green;
}
.error
{
	color:red;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<input value="ShivaSoft" type="text" size="30" id="abc:xyz" /> <br />
<input class="myButton" type="button" value="Clear Ans" onclick="clearAns()" />
<br />

<input class="myButton" type="button" value="Simple jQuery" onclick="simpleJQuery()" />
Using &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<code class="error">$("#abc:xyz")</code>
<br />

<input class="myButton" type="button" value="Traditional JS" onclick="simpleJS()" />
Using &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<code> document.getElementById("abc:xyz")</code>
<br />

<input class="myButton" type="button" value="JQuery-Approach1" onclick="app1()" />
Using &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<code>$('[id="abc:xyz"]')</code>
<br />

<input class="myButton" type="button" value="JQuery-Approach2" onclick="app2()" />
Using double slash (Escape sequence) in front of colon &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<code>$("#abc\\:xyz")</code>
<br />

<input class="myButton" type="button" value="JQuery-Approach3" onclick="app3()" />
This is workaround. Get element by Javascript and pass to jQuery  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<code>
<pre>
	var ans = document.getElementById('abc:xyz');
	ans = $(ans).val();
</pre>
</code>
<br />

<hr />
Output -
<div id="divOut" style="background-color:yellow" />

<script type="text/javascript">

function app3()
{
	clearAns();
	var ans = document.getElementById('abc:xyz');
	ans = $(ans).val();
	printAns(ans);
}

function app2()
{
	clearAns();
	var ans = $("#abc\\:xyz").val();
	printAns(ans);
}

function app1()
{
	clearAns();
	var ans = $('[id="abc:xyz"]').val();
	printAns(ans);
}

function simpleJQuery()
{
	clearAns();
	var ans = $("#abc:xyz").val();
	printAns(ans);
}

function simpleJS()
{
	clearAns();
	var ans = document.getElementById("abc:xyz").value;
	printAns(ans);
}

function clearAns()
{
	$("#divOut").html('');
}
function printAns(ans)
{
	var ansDiv = $("#divOut");
	ansDiv.html(ans);
	ansDiv.css("background-color",randColor());
}
function randColor()
{
    colors = ['orange', '#ccc', 'blue', 'green','yellow','lightGreen']
    return colors[Math.floor(Math.random()*colors.length)];
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

Live Demo

Possibly Related posts:

1. Highlight Current field using JQuery
2. Creating JSON Parser Using JQuery
3. Disable inputs after submit to avoid double submission using JQuery and Ajax

1. declare class as final
2. declare all variables as final
3. provide constructor to set the values
4. provide getter

Source code:

package in.shivasoft.demo;

final class Immutable
{
	private final int val1;
	private final String val2;

	public Immutable(int a, String s)
	{
		val1 = a;
		val2 = s;
	}
	public int getVal1()
	{
		return val1;
	}
	public String getVal2()
	{
		return val2;
	}
}

public class ImmutableClassDemo {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Immutable obj = new Immutable(10, "ShivaSoft ...the supreme solution");
		System.out.println(obj.getVal1());
		System.out.println(obj.getVal2());
	}
}

Output :

10
ShivaSoft …the supreme solution

Possibly Related posts:

1. Immutable nature of String – JAVA
2. Create SOAP message using Java
3. Create SNMP Client in JAVA Using SNMP4j

SOAP Message consist of following three parts:

1. SOAP-ENV:Envelope
2. SOAP-ENV:Header
3. SOAP-ENV:Body

SOAP Message Format for Web Services

To create the SOAP, first we will need to create the object of “javax.xml.soap.MessageFactory“, then create object of “javax.xml.soap.SOAPMessage“. This object of “SOAPMessage” will have all the messages inside it in “javax.xml.soap.SOAPEnvelope” object. Every “Envelope” will have the “Header” and “Body” as shown in below program:

package com.service.SOAPMain;

import java.io.FileOutputStream;

import javax.xml.soap.MessageFactory;
import javax.xml.soap.SOAPBody;
import javax.xml.soap.SOAPBodyElement;
import javax.xml.soap.SOAPEnvelope;
import javax.xml.soap.SOAPHeader;
import javax.xml.soap.SOAPMessage;
import javax.xml.soap.SOAPPart;

public class CreateSOAPMessage {

	/**
	 * @param args
	 */
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		try{
			MessageFactory factory = MessageFactory.newInstance();
			SOAPMessage soapMsg = factory.createMessage();
			SOAPPart part = soapMsg.getSOAPPart();

			SOAPEnvelope envelope = part.getEnvelope();
			SOAPHeader header = envelope.getHeader();
			SOAPBody body = envelope.getBody();

			header.addTextNode("Training Details");

			SOAPBodyElement element = body.addBodyElement(envelope.createName("JAVA", "training", "http://shivasoft.in/blog"));
			element.addChildElement("WS").addTextNode("Training on Web service");

			SOAPBodyElement element1 = body.addBodyElement(envelope.createName("JAVA", "training", "http://shivasoft.in/blog"));
			element1.addChildElement("Spring").addTextNode("Training on Spring 3.0");

			soapMsg.writeTo(System.out);

			FileOutputStream fOut = new FileOutputStream("SoapMessage.xml");
			soapMsg.writeTo(fOut);

			System.out.println();
			System.out.println("SOAP msg created");

		}catch(Exception e){
			e.printStackTrace();
		}

	}

}

As the output, one xml file of named “SoapMessage.xml” will be created and also printed on the console.

SOAP Messsage Output - Java

Possibly Related posts:

1. Create SNMP Client in JAVA Using SNMP4j
2. How to create Immutable Class in Java
3. Create XML File using DOM Parser of JAXP and Transformation APIs

Part – 1 | Part – 2 | Part – 3 | Part – 4 – Dynamic Apex | Part – 5 | Part – 6 | Part – 7

Salesforce Certification Mock Test

40. What is Master Detail relationship and look up relationship in Salesforce?
Ans:
Master Detail relationship is the Parent child relationship. In which Master represents Parent and detail represents Child. If Parent is deleted then Child also gets deleted. Rollup summary fields can only be created on Master records which will calculate the SUM, AVG, MIN of the Child records.
Look up relationship is something like “has-a” (Containership) relationship. Where one record has reference to other records. When one record is deleted then there is no impact on other records.

41. Can we convert the lookup relationship to Master Detail relationship?
Ans:
We can convert the lookup relationship to master detail relationship if and only if all the existing record has valid lookup field.

42. In How many way we can invoke the Apex class?
Ans:

1. Visualforce page
2. Trigger
3. Web Services
4. Email Services

43. Can we create Master Detail relationship on existing records?
Ans:
No. As discussed above, first we have to create the lookup relationship then populate the value on all existing record and then convert it.

44. How validation rules executed? is it page layout / Visualforce dependent?
Ans :
The validation rules run at the data model level, so they are not affected by the UI. Any record that is saved in Salesforce will run through the validation rules.

45. What is the difference between database.insert and insert ?
Ans:
insert is the DML statement which is same as databse.insert. However, database.insert gives more flexibility like rollback, default assignment rules etc. we can achieve the database.insert behavior in insert by using the method setOptions(Database.DMLOptions)
Important Difference:

• If we use the DML statement (insert), then in bulk operation if error occurs, the execution will stop and Apex code throws an error which can be handled in try catch block.
• If DML database methods (Database.insert) used, then if error occurs the remaining records will be inserted / updated means partial DML operation will be done.

46. What is the scope of static variable ?
Ans:
When you declare a method or variable as static, it’s initialized only once when a class is loaded. Static variables aren’t transmitted as part of the view state for a Visualforce page.

Static variables are only static within the scope of the request. They are not static across the server, or across the entire organization.

47. Other than SOQL and SOSL what is other way to get custom settings?
Ans:
Other than SOQL or SOSL, Custom seting have there own set of methods to access the record.
For example : if there is custom setting of name ISO_Country,

SO_Country__c code = ISO_Country__c.getInstance(‘INDIA’);
//To return a map of data sets defined for the custom object (all records in the custom object), //you would use:
Map<String,ISO_Country__c> mapCodes = ISO_Country__c.getAll();
// display the ISO code for India
System.debug(‘ISO Code: ‘+mapCodes.get(‘INDIA’).ISO_Code__c);
//Alternatively you can return the map as a list:
List<String> listCodes = ISO_Country__c.getAll().values();

48. What happen if child have two master records and one is deleted?
Ans :
Child record will be deleted.

read more in this article.

49. What is Difference in render, rerender and renderas attributes of visualforce?
Ans:
render – It works like “display” property of CSS. Used to show or hide element.
rerender – After Ajax which component should be refreshed – available on commandlink, commandbutton, actionsupport etc.
renderas – render page as pdf, doc and excel.

50. What is Scheduler class in Apex?
Ans:
The Apex class which is programed to run at pre defined interval.
Class must implement schedulable interface and it contains method named execute().
There are two ways to invoke schedular :

1. Using UI
2. Using System.schedule

The class which implements interface schedulable get the button texted with “Schedule”, when user clicks on that button, new interface opens to schedule the classes which implements that interface.
To see what happened to scheduled job, go to “Monitoring | Scheduled jobs “

Example of scheduling :

scheduledMerge m = new scheduledMerge();
String sch = '20 30 8 10 2 ?';
system.schedule('Merge Job', sch, m);

To see how to make crone job string – refer this URL.

Possibly Related posts:

1. Salesforce Interview Questions – Part 7
2. Salesforce Interview Questions – Part 3
3. Salesforce Interview Questions – Part 6

To run this example you will need two javascript libraries as follow:

1. JQuery
2. JQueryUI

jQuery Drag and Drop Widgets

You can see the complete working demo here

Lets say you want to create the widget in two columns, so first create two DIV tags as shown below:

<div id="column1" class="column">
<!-- Widgets code here -->
</div>

<div id="column2"  class="column">
<!-- Widgets code here -->
</div>

We are assuming that we can drag the elements from column1 to column2 and vice verse.

Now we will create the actual element which can be drag-gable.

<div id="column1" class="column">
	<div class="dragbox" id="item1" >
		<h2>Handle 1
		  <a href="#" class="delete opIcons"> </a>
		  <a href="#" class="maxmin opIcons"> </a>

		</h2>
		<div class="dragbox-content" >
			<!-- Panel Content Here -->
		</div>
	</div>
</div>

<div id="column2"  class="column">
	<div class="dragbox" id="item2" >
		<h2>Handle 2
		  <a href="#" class="delete opIcons"> </a>
		  <a href="#" class="maxmin opIcons"> </a>

		</h2>
		<div class="dragbox-content" >
			<!-- Panel Content Here -->
		</div>
	</div>
</div>

As you can see <h2> tag is used to create the heading and there are two <a> (anchor) tags, one for delete and one for toggle.

Now its time to write the JQuery code to drag and drop the <div> tag with class=”dragbox”

$(
function(){
	$('a.maxmin').click(
	function(){
		$(this).parent().siblings('.dragbox-content').toggle();
	});

	$('a.delete').click(
	function(){
		var sel = confirm('do you want to delete the widget?');
		if(sel)
		{
			//del code here
		}
	}
	);

	$('.column').sortable({
	connectWith: '.column',
	handle: 'h2',
	cursor: 'move',
	placeholder: 'placeholder',
	forcePlaceholderSize: true,
	opacity: 0.4,
	stop: function(event, ui)
		{
			$(ui.item).find('h2').click();
			var sortorder='';

			$('.column').each(function(){
				var itemorder=$(this).sortable('toArray');
				var columnId=$(this).attr('id');
				sortorder+=columnId+'='+itemorder.toString()+'&';
			});
			sortorder = sortorder.substring(0, sortorder.length - 1)
			alert('SortOrder: '+sortorder);

		}
	}).disableSelection();
});

As you can see, on dom ready event using $() – which is equal to “$.ready()”, we have written the code like $(‘.column’).sortable(…) which will perform the drag and drop functionality. the “sortable” functionality is used to save the state of the widget in database so that next time you can load the widget in order which they are previously for this you will need to do some extra code here. The sort result is displayed using alert after element drop.

For the delete action, i have written the comment where server request can be called using Ajax to delete the widget. With the help of below CSS this example will be completed with nice look and feel.

.column{
	width:49%;
	margin-right:.5%;
	min-height:300px;
	background:#fff;
	float:left;
}
.column .dragbox{
	margin:5px 2px  20px;
	background:#fff;
	position:"relative";
	border:1px solid #946553;
	-moz-border-radius:5px;
	-webkit-border-radius:5px;
}
.column .dragbox h2{
	margin:0;
	font-size:12px;
	background:#946553;
	color:#fff;
	border-bottom:1px solid #946553;
	font-family:Verdana;
	cursor:move;
	padding:5px;
}

.dragbox-content{
	background:#fff;
	min-height:100px; margin:5px;
	font-family:'Lucida Grande', Verdana; font-size:0.8em; line-height:1.5em;
}
.column  .placeholder{
	background: #EED5B7;
	border:1px dashed #946553;
}

.opIcons
{
background-image: url('iconSpirite.gif')!important;
background-repeat: no-repeat;
float:right;
height:13px;
width:13px;
margin:0px 2px;
}

.maxmin
{
	background-position:-26px 1px;
}

.delete
{
	background-position:-269px center;
	padding-top:1px;
}

You can see the complete working demo here

Possibly Related posts:

1. Highlight Current field using JQuery
2. Servlet, Hibernate, jQuery and Ajax based google like chat
3. Disable inputs after submit to avoid double submission using JQuery and Ajax

<apex:page>
<apex:form id="frm">
Enter Value 1 :
<apex:inputText id="txt1" />
</apex:form>
</apex:page>

If you want to get the id of “apex:inputText” in javascript like belowCode

Var fld =  document.getElementById(‘txt1’);

It will NOT work.
Because its actual id will be something like “j_id0:frm:txt1”.

To get the Actual id in Visualforce page we have to use below line of code:

Var fld =  document.getElementById("{!$Component.txt1}");

As you can see, we have to use below Syntax:

{!$Component.fieldId}

Case 1:
However there is one catch. If the element is present at several levels where Parents also have the Id then you have to write code like:

{!$Component.Parent1.Parent2.fieldId}

Case 2:
If your element is within form tag having no Id like :

<apex:page>
<apex:form>
Enter Value 1 :
<apex:inputText id="txt1" />
</apex:form>
</apex:page>

And you try to get the id like

Var fld =  document.getElementById("{!$Component.txt1}");

It will NOT work.
You must have to give the Id to “apex:form” element and access it.

Example Working code:

<apex:page>
<apex:form id="frm">
Enter Value 1 :
<apex:inputText id="txt1" />
</apex:form>
</apex:page>

Get Id by using code:

Var fld =  document.getElementById("{!$Component.frm.txt1}");

Possibly Related posts:

1. Passing multiple Parameters in ActionFunction in Visualforce
2. How to Host S-Control in Visualforce Page
3. Salesforce Tutorial – Create Simple Ajax based Visualforce page

To start first we will need to authorize below two URL which can be accessed from salesforce environment.
This can be done from “Setup | Administration Setup | Security Controls | Remote Site Settings”

1. https://www.salesforce.com
2. https://ap1-api.salesforce.com

Salesforce Remote Site Setting

It is possible that you may need to change first URL it may be https://www.na1-api.salesforce.com or https://www.na2-api.salesforce.com

This application will prompt for the Username and Password of the other salesforce account and display the 10 records of the Account.

Connect Other Salesforce Account - Output Screen

Apex Code:

public with sharing class FetchAccount {

    //Login Domain May be test, prerellogin.pre
    String LOGIN_DOMAIN = 'www';
    public String pwd{get;set;}
    public String userName{get;set;}
    public List<Account> acc{get;set;}
    public String errMsg{get;set;}
    public String displayError{get;set;}

    public FetchAccount()
    {
        displayError = 'none';
    }

    public void fetch()
    {
        errMsg  = 'Some error occurred, please try again';
        try
        {
        //-----------------------------------
        // Login via SOAP/XML web service api
        //-----------------------------------
        HttpRequest request = new HttpRequest();
        request.setEndpoint('https://' + LOGIN_DOMAIN + '.salesforce.com/services/Soap/u/22.0');
        request.setMethod('POST');
        request.setHeader('Content-Type', 'text/xml;charset=UTF-8');
        request.setHeader('SOAPAction', '""');
        //not escaping username and password because we're setting those variables above
        //in other words, this line "trusts" the lines above
        //if username and password were sourced elsewhere, they'd need to be escaped below
        request.setBody('<Envelope xmlns="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/"><Header/><Body><login xmlns="urn:partner.soap.sforce.com"><username>' + userName+ '</username><password>' + pwd+ '</password></login></Body></Envelope>');
        Dom.XmlNode resultElmt = (new Http()).send(request).getBodyDocument().getRootElement()
          .getChildElement('Body', 'http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/')
          .getChildElement('loginResponse', 'urn:partner.soap.sforce.com')
          .getChildElement('result', 'urn:partner.soap.sforce.com');

        //-------------------------------
        // Grab session id and server url
        //--------------------------------
        final String SERVER_URL = resultElmt.getChildElement('serverUrl', 'urn:partner.soap.sforce.com') .getText().split('/services')[0];
        final String SESSION_ID = resultElmt.getChildElement('sessionId', 'urn:partner.soap.sforce.com') .getText();

        //----------------------------------
        // Load first 10 accounts via REST API
        //---------------------------------
        final PageReference theUrl = new PageReference(SERVER_URL + '/services/data/v22.0/query/');
        theUrl.getParameters().put('q','Select a.Phone, a.Name, a.CreatedBy.FirstName, a.CreatedById From Account a limit 10');
        request = new HttpRequest();
        request.setEndpoint(theUrl.getUrl());
        request.setMethod('GET');
        request.setHeader('Authorization', 'OAuth ' + SESSION_ID);

        String body = (new Http()).send(request).getBody();

        JSONParser parser = JSON.createParser(body);

        do{
            parser.nextToken();
        }while(parser.hasCurrentToken() && !'records'.equals(parser.getCurrentName()));

        parser.nextToken();

        acc = (List<Account>) parser.readValueAs(List<Account>.class);
        }
        catch(Exception e)
        {
            displayError = 'block';
        }

    }
}

Visualforce Code:

<apex:page controller="FetchAccount" standardStylesheets="true">
<style type="text/css">
.errorMsg{
    font-size:0.8 em;
    color:red;
}
</style>
<apex:pageBlock >
<apex:form >
<apex:outputLabel value="UserName : " for="userName"/>
<apex:inputText required="true" id="userName" value="{!userName}" />
<br />
<apex:outputLabel value="Password : " for="pwd"/>
<apex:inputsecret id="pwd" value="{!pwd}"/>
<br />
<apex:commandButton id="getRecords" value="Get Records" action="{!fetch}" rerender="wrapper" status="waitStatus" />
<apex:actionStatus startText="Requesting..." stopText="" id="waitStatus"/>
<hr />
<apex:outputPanel id="wrapper">
<div class="errorMsg" style="display:{!displayError}"> {!errMsg} </div>
<apex:pageBlockTable value="{!acc}" var="account" id="accTable" rowClasses="odd,even" styleClass="tableClass">

    <apex:column >
        <apex:facet name="header">Account Name</apex:facet>
         <apex:outputText value="{!account.name}"/>
    </apex:column>

    <apex:column >
        <apex:facet name="header">Created By</apex:facet>
         <apex:outputText value="{!account.CreatedBy.FirstName}"/>
    </apex:column>

    <apex:column >
        <apex:facet name="header">Phone</apex:facet>
         <apex:outputText value="{!account.Phone}"/>
    </apex:column>

</apex:pageBlockTable>
</apex:outputPanel>
</apex:form>
</apex:pageBlock>
</apex:page>

Possibly Related posts:

1. Passing multiple Parameters in ActionFunction in Visualforce
2. Dynamic Approval Process in Salesforce based on the Apex and Trigger
3. Latest Salesforce Interview Questions – Part 4 – Related to Dynamic Apex

Cloud Computing :

In simple words it is the application on the remote server and to access it you will need the internet access and browser.
Examples : Gmail,Yahoo Mail – Email on remote server not on your local system.

It may be possible that you have virtual server (Server at remote place) or development environment at remote place. This is also included under term “Cloud Computing”.

What is Cloud Computing

IaaS stands for Infrastructure as a service :
In this type of service, you will get the Virtual System which can be connected using internet. Where you can install any Software even in some service providers you can install the operating system. You can get the root level of access to the server. System admins are mainly benefited because of no hardware maintenance and overhead.
Example – Amazon ECS and Rackspace Cloud

PaaS stands for Platform as a service :
In this type of service, you get development platform bundled with all the types of software preinstalled. You will then have to write and execute all your codes in remote server by some mechanism. Normally you will get the sandbox to program and test your applications. In this type of mechanism you cannot get the root level of access to the remote server. Servers will normally follow the multitenant architect where same server used by multiple organizations. It’s preferred by the developers who want to quickly start the development on particular technology without worrying about the hardware and underlying technology framework installations.
Example – Heroku and force.com both belongs to Salesforce

SaaS stands for Software as a service
This is the highest level of service in which everything is provided from hardware to software to already build applications.
Example – Salesforce.com used for the CRM already have bunch of applications build.

No related posts.

Most often we need to supply the arguments in <apex:actionFunction> and in this article I will demonstrate the way in which we can pass one or more than one parameter.
The output of the example will be like below screen.

Passing Parameter in ActionFunction in Visualforce

Create Apex class with following code:

public with sharing class PassParameterActionFunction {
    public String val{get;set;}
    public String enteredText1{get;set;}
    public String enteredText2{get;set;}

    public void echoVal()
    {
     val = 'You have entered : 1 - '+enteredText1+' 2 -'+enteredText2;
    }
}

In above code, the variables “enteredText1” and “enteredText2” will be the parameters supplied by the javascript and variable “val” will display the concatenated result.
Now create the Visualforce page with code:

<apex:page controller="PassParameterActionFunction">
<style type="text/css">
.pointer
{
    cursor:pointer;
    border:1px solid #ccc;
    padding:5px;
}
</style>
<apex:form id="frm">
<apex:outputPanel id="resultPanel">
<apex:actionStatus startText="requesting..." stopText="" id="myStatus" />
<br />
<b><apex:outputLabel value="{!val}" /></b>
</apex:outputPanel>
<br />
Enter Value 1 :
<apex:inputText id="txt1" />
<br />
Enter Value 2 :
<apex:inputText id="txt2" />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<span class="pointer" onclick="callActionMethod()"> Click Me !!! </span>

<apex:actionFunction name="echo" action="{!echoVal}" reRender="resultPanel" status="myStatus">
<apex:param name="firstParam" assignTo="{!enteredText1}" value="" />
<apex:param name="secondParam" assignTo="{!enteredText2}" value="" />
</apex:actionFunction>
</apex:form>
<script type="text/javascript">
function callActionMethod()
{
 var txtVal1 = document.getElementById("{!$Component.frm.txt1}").value;
 var txtVal2 = document.getElementById("{!$Component.frm.txt2}").value;
 /*Below Method is generated by "apex:actionFunction" which will call Apex Method "echoVal" */
 echo(txtVal1,txtVal2);
}
</script>

</apex:page>

The below code snippet is used to define the “actionFunction” in visual force page.
To supply the parameter, we have to use “apex:param” tag. Attribute “assignTo” will assign the parameter to variable name specified in Apex code. Here we have assigned the value to variable “enteredText1” and “enteredText2”.

<apex:actionFunction name="echo" action="{!echoVal}" reRender="resultPanel" status="myStatus">
<apex:param name="firstParam" assignTo="{!enteredText1}" value="" />
<apex:param name="secondParam" assignTo="{!enteredText2}" value="" />
</apex:actionFunction>

The resulting JavaScript function created by the visualforce will be “echo” because we have set that name for the “apex:actionFunction”.
Attribute “action” will call the method specified on Apex class and “status” will show the Ajax request status.
Below JavaScript method is used to call the generated method by “apex:actionFunction”.

function callActionMethod()
{
 var txtVal1 = document.getElementById("{!$Component.frm.txt1}").value;
 var txtVal2 = document.getElementById("{!$Component.frm.txt2}").value;
 /*Below Method is generated by "apex:actionFunction" which will call Apex Method "echoVal" */
 echo(txtVal1,txtVal2);
}

As you can see that we have called the method “echo” with two arguments, because in “apex:actionFunction” we have specified the parameters for the method.

Method 2:

In this method, instead of creating two temporary variable in Apex page and assigning it using attribute “assignTo“ of we can directly get the value in Apex code by something like using

Apexpages.currentPage().getParameters().get('paramName');

So the resultant Apex code will be:

public with sharing class PassParameterActionFunction {
    public String val{get;set;}

    public void echoVal()
    {
     val = 'You have entered : 1 - '+Apexpages.currentPage().getParameters().get('firstParam')+' 2 -'+Apexpages.currentPage().getParameters().get('secondParam');
    }
}

Visualforce code:

<apex:page controller="PassParameterActionFunction">
<style type="text/css">
.pointer
{
    cursor:pointer;
    border:1px solid #ccc;
    padding:5px;
}
</style>
<apex:form id="frm">
<apex:outputPanel id="resultPanel">
<apex:actionStatus startText="requesting..." stopText="" id="myStatus" />
<br />
<b><apex:outputLabel value="{!val}" /></b>
</apex:outputPanel>
<br />
Enter Value 1 :
<apex:inputText id="txt1" />
<br />
Enter Value 2 :
<apex:inputText id="txt2" />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<span class="pointer" onclick="callActionMethod()"> Click Me !!! </span>

<apex:actionFunction name="echo" action="{!echoVal}" reRender="resultPanel" status="myStatus">
<apex:param name="firstParam"  value="" />
<apex:param name="secondParam"  value="" />
</apex:actionFunction>
</apex:form>
<script type="text/javascript">
function callActionMethod()
{
 var txtVal1 = document.getElementById("{!$Component.frm.txt1}").value;
 var txtVal2 = document.getElementById("{!$Component.frm.txt2}").value;
 /*Below Method is generated by "apex:actionFunction" which will call Apex Method "echoVal" */
 echo(txtVal1,txtVal2);
}
</script>

</apex:page>

Possibly Related posts:

1. Get DOM ElementID of the Visualforce components
2. How to Host S-Control in Visualforce Page
3. JSON output in Visualforce